After the Civil War, however, the patent law was changed again, specifying that all people throughout the United States had the right to patent their own inventions.īenjamin Bradley’s cause of death was unknown. When the Confederate States broke away from the United States in 1861, the Confederate government surprised many people by once again allowing slaves to hold patents. The slave who actually came up with the idea (a cotton-processing device) is mentioned in the patent only as “Ned.” Because of the decision in the Stewart case, the patent law was changed to say that a slave could not hold a patent. The patent was granted, giving Stewart credit for the invention. Despite the laws, the Patent Office agreed. Stewart argued that he owned all the results of his slave’s labor, whether that work had been manual. In 1857, however, a slave owner named Oscar Stewart applied for a patent on something one of his slaves had invented. Others said that, because he, a slave, was his or her master’s property, anything that a slave produced, including ideas, belonged to the master. It should not matter whether that person was free or a slave. Some people said anyone who came up with an original idea should be allowed to patent it. Just as there was disagreement over the issue of slavery, there was also disagreement over whether a slave should be allowed to hold a patent. 2009: On August 25, 2009, Team Inspiration of the British Steam Car Challenge breaks the long-standing record for a steam vehicle, setting a new speed record of 148.308 mph (238.Benjamin Bradley’s name appears in few books, perhaps because he was not able to get a patent for his work.1933: George and William Besler become the first and only aviators to successfully fly on steam power.1897: Stanley Brothers begin selling lightweight steam cars, over 200 being made.1893: Nikola Tesla patents a steam powered electro-mechanical generator.1884: Charles Algernon Parsons develops the steam turbine.1865: Auguste Mouchout invents the first device to convert solar energy into mechanical steam power.He was granted the patent for his all-new improved steam engine design, which eventually became the driving force behind the Industrial Revolution a year later. 1849: George Henry Corliss develops and markets the four-valve counterflow engine with separate steam admission and exhaust valves, which greatly exceed in efficiency other engines of the period With the help of John Roebuck and a loan from Joseph Black, James Watt made his own engine in 1768.1804: Richard Trevithick builds and runs a single-cylinder flywheel locomotive on the 9-mile Pen-y-Darran tramway.1795: Boulton and Watt open their Soho Foundry, for the manufacture of steam engines.1790: Nathan Read invents the tubular boiler, devising the high-pressure steam engine. 1788: Watt builds the first steam engine to use a centrifugal governor.1781: Jonathan Hornblower patents a two-cylinder "compound" engine, in which the steam pushes on one piston.1776: First commercial Boulton and Watt engine built.1765: Ivan Polzunov builds a two-cylinder Newcomen engine for powering mine ventilation in Barnaul, Russia.1765: James Watt invents the separate condenser, relocating the water jet in a small additional vessel, greatly increasing the efficiency.1755: Josiah Hornblower installs the first commercial Newcomen engine in the USA.1720: Leupold designs an engine based on expansion, in which two cylinders alternate in receiving steam and then venting it out.1712: Newcomen installs his first commercial engine.1707: Denis Papin publishes a study on steam power and proposes using a Savery-like engine to lift water onto a water wheel for rotary power.1705: Thomas Newcomen develops the atmospheric engine, which improves on the Savery pump, by employing a piston in a cylinder.1698: Thomas Savery introduces a steam pump, almost a direct copy of Somerset's design but replacing the cold water flow on the outside of the cylinder with a spray directly inside it.1663: Edward Somerset, 2nd Marquis of Worcester, publishes a selection of his inventions, one of which is a new sort of steam pump, with added cooling around the containers to force the steam to condense.1629: Italian engineer Giovanni Branca suggests using an early steam turbine to power a series of pestles working in mortars.1606: Spanish inventor Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont creates a steam-powered device for pumping water out of mines. Late 15th century AD: Leonardo Da Vinci describes the architonnerre, a steam-powered cannon.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |